:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --paper: #e5f3f7;
  --paper-strong: #f1fafc;
  --ink: #172123;
  --muted: #596a6e;
  --soft: #c6dde2;
  --teal: #0e6b70;
  --teal-deep: #083f43;
  --marsh: #6c8c3d;
  --coral: #d97d4f;
  --blue: #255b86;
  --shadow: 0 22px 60px rgba(12, 34, 38, 0.16);
  font-family:
    Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1rem;
  top: 1rem;
  z-index: 20;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.9rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-140%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 10;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.65rem clamp(1rem, 4vw, 4rem);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(23, 33, 35, 0.1);
  background: rgba(229, 243, 247, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
}

.brand {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.05rem;
  min-width: 12rem;
  color: var(--teal-deep);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.05;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 0.2rem;
}

.site-nav a {
  min-height: 2.15rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible,
.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  background: rgba(14, 107, 112, 0.1);
  color: var(--teal-deep);
  outline: none;
}

.about-lede {
  padding: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem) clamp(1rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(23, 33, 35, 0.09);
  background: var(--paper-strong);
}

.top-research-figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: var(--paper-strong);
}

.top-research-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: clamp(12rem, 28vw, 22rem);
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
}

.profile-lede {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(9rem, 12rem);
  gap: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  align-items: center;
}

.profile-copy p strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.profile-photo {
  margin: 0;
}

.profile-photo img {
  width: min(100%, 10.5rem);
  height: auto;
  margin-inline: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  border: 1px solid var(--soft);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 38px rgba(12, 34, 38, 0.12);
}

.profile-links {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
}

.profile-icon-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.profile-link-icon {
  width: 1.05rem;
  height: 1.05rem;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  fill: currentColor;
}

.scholar-icon {
  color: #3b78e7;
}

.keyword-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.15rem 0.45rem;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 800;
  list-style: none;
}

.keyword-list li:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: ";";
}

.eyebrow,
.meta,
.pub-year {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  color: var(--coral);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 18ch;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.2rem);
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

h2 {
  max-width: 22ch;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.6vw, 2.2rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.prose h2,
.side-panel h2,
.research-topic h2,
.compact-panel h2 {
  max-width: none;
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.7rem);
}

h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  font-size: 1.13rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.hero-subtitle,
.about-lede p {
  max-width: 54rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #334246;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.16rem);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.compact-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.6rem 1rem;
}

.compact-actions a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(37, 91, 134, 0.3);
  text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 2.9rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(23, 33, 35, 0.2);
  border-radius: 7px;
  background: rgba(241, 250, 252, 0.96);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button.primary {
  border-color: var(--teal-deep);
  background: var(--teal-deep);
  color: #fff;
}

.button:hover,
.button:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(12, 34, 38, 0.15);
  outline: none;
}

.section {
  padding: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 3rem) clamp(1rem, 5vw, 5.5rem);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(23, 33, 35, 0.09);
}

.first-section {
  padding-top: clamp(1.2rem, 2.5vw, 1.8rem);
}

.soft-section,
.news-section {
  background: var(--paper-strong);
}

.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(12rem, 0.38fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
}

.compact-heading {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(8rem, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.section-label-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.7rem 1rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.section-label-row .eyebrow {
  margin: 0;
}

.two-column-grid,
.content-grid,
.compact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(18rem, 0.55fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.prose {
  max-width: 58rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.prose p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.quick-link-panel,
.side-panel,
.compact-panel {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--soft);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #f8fdff;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 38px rgba(12, 34, 38, 0.08);
}

.compact-panel p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.compact-panel a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.quick-link-panel a,
.side-panel a {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--soft);
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.quick-link-panel a:last-child,
.side-panel a:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.quick-link-panel span,
.side-panel h2 {
  color: var(--teal-deep);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.side-panel a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.news-list,
.timeline,
.education-grid,
.card-grid,
.contact-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.news-list {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.compact-news {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.news-list article,
.timeline article,
.education-grid article,
.resource-card,
.contact-card,
.research-topic,
.publication-list li,
.publication-timeline li {
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--soft);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: rgba(241, 250, 252, 0.96);
}

.news-list article,
.timeline article,
.education-grid article,
.resource-card,
.contact-card {
  padding: 1rem;
}

.news-list time {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--coral);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-list h3 a {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration-color: rgba(37, 91, 134, 0.3);
  text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
}

.news-list p,
.timeline p,
.education-grid p,
.resource-card p,
.publication-timeline p,
.research-topic p,
.selected-papers {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.timeline {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.timeline a,
.publication-list a,
.publication-timeline a,
.resource-card a,
.selected-papers a,
.link-row a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(37, 91, 134, 0.3);
  text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
}

.education-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.services-grid article {
  min-height: 0;
}

.education-grid a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.research-stack {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.research-topic {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(16rem, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);
  gap: clamp(1rem, 2.4vw, 1.6rem);
  align-items: start;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.topic-info-panel {
  min-width: 0;
  padding-right: clamp(0.8rem, 1.8vw, 1.2rem);
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(23, 33, 35, 0.1);
}

.topic-info-panel p {
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.topic-info-panel h3 {
  margin: 0.85rem 0 0.35rem;
  color: var(--teal-deep);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.topic-info-panel .selected-papers {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.topic-info-panel .selected-papers a {
  font-weight: 650;
}

.topic-info-panel .selected-papers li + li {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.topic-media-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.topic-visual-panel {
  min-width: 0;
}

.vertical-media {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.topic-media,
.research-note {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--soft);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #f8fdff;
}

.topic-media.wide {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.resilience-layout {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2.35fr) minmax(8.5rem, 0.65fr);
  align-items: stretch;
}

.resilience-layout > .topic-media.wide {
  grid-column: auto;
}

.mangrove-photo-stack {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.mangrove-photo-stack .topic-media img {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  object-fit: cover;
  max-height: 9.5rem;
}

.resilience-layout > .large-media img {
  max-height: 38rem;
}

.understory-media-row {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 2fr);
  align-items: stretch;
}

.vhr-media-row {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 3fr);
  align-items: stretch;
}

.vhr-media-row .topic-media {
  grid-column: auto;
}

.topic-media img,
.topic-media video {
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 26rem;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #e8f3f5;
}

.large-media img,
.large-media video {
  max-height: 32rem;
}

.topic-media figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.45rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-note h3 {
  color: var(--teal-deep);
}

.research-note p {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.research-note p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.link-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.compact-link-row {
  gap: 0.45rem 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.selected-papers {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
}

.selected-papers strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--teal-deep);
}

.card-grid.two-up {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.card-grid.three-up,
.contact-card-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.card-grid.one-up {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 38rem);
}

.product-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.resource-card {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 11rem;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.resource-card a {
  margin-top: auto;
}

.compact-resource-grid .resource-card {
  min-height: 9.5rem;
}

.compact-resource {
  min-height: 0;
}

.product-card {
  gap: 0.75rem;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 0.75rem;
}

.product-card p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.product-map-preview {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  min-height: 10rem;
  aspect-ratio: 1.38;
  border: 1px solid rgba(8, 63, 67, 0.18);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16) 1px, transparent 1px),
    #d6e9ee;
  background-size: 1.35rem 1.35rem;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
}

.product-map-preview iframe {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: inherit;
  border: 0;
  background: #d6e9ee;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.product-map-preview::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0;
  height: 52%;
  background: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(5, 36, 39, 0.72));
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.product-map-preview figcaption {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.75rem;
  right: 0.75rem;
  bottom: 0.65rem;
  z-index: 1;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.28rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.08;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.48);
}

.product-map-preview figcaption small {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  opacity: 0.88;
}

.resource-link {
  margin-top: auto;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(37, 91, 134, 0.3);
  text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
}

.publication-timeline {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.42rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.8rem;
  list-style: decimal;
}

.publication-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.42rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
}

.publication-timeline li::marker {
  color: var(--teal-deep);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.publication-list li,
.publication-timeline li {
  padding: 0.55rem 0.7rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--teal);
}

.publication-list h3,
.publication-timeline h3 {
  max-width: 70rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.18rem;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.publication-list p,
.publication-timeline p {
  margin-bottom: 0.14rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.publication-list h3 a,
.publication-timeline h3 a {
  font-size: inherit;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

.publication-list .journal,
.publication-timeline .journal {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.publication-list .journal em,
.publication-timeline .journal em {
  font-style: italic;
}

.journal-highlight {
  color: var(--teal-deep);
  font-weight: 900 !important;
}

.publication-list .authors,
.publication-timeline .authors {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.pub-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.pub-actions a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(37, 91, 134, 0.3);
  text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
}

.publication-note {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--coral);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.section-link {
  align-self: start;
  justify-self: start;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-weight: 900;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(37, 91, 134, 0.3);
  text-underline-offset: 0.25em;
}

.contact-card-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.contact-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-card span {
  color: var(--coral);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.contact-card.pending {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.contact-card:hover,
.contact-card:focus-visible {
  border-color: rgba(14, 107, 112, 0.35);
  background: #f8fdff;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(12, 34, 38, 0.08);
  outline: none;
}

.site-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.5rem clamp(1rem, 5vw, 5.5rem);
  background: #0b2528;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .news-list,
  .contact-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .product-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .card-grid.three-up {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .site-header {
    position: static;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .site-nav {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .section-heading,
  .two-column-grid,
  .content-grid,
  .timeline,
  .education-grid,
  .profile-lede,
  .research-topic,
  .topic-media-grid,
  .resilience-layout,
  .understory-media-row,
  .vhr-media-row,
  .product-grid,
  .card-grid.two-up {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .topic-info-panel {
    padding-right: 0;
    border-right: 0;
  }

  h1,
  h2 {
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .button,
  .hero-actions {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .news-list,
  .contact-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .site-footer {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}